Nitrogen: Feem ntau hu ua lub ntsiab ntawm lub neej.
Nitrogen yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tsim cov khoom muaj sia nyob, thiab nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm metabolic thiab kev loj hlob ntawm citrus nroj tsuag.
Kev noj zaub mov zoo ntawm nitrogen
(1) Nitrogen yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov protein:Cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab ntawm nitrogen hauv cov protein yog 16% ~ 18%. Thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov qoob loo, cov proteins yuav tsum tau koom nrog hauv kev loj hlob thiab kev faib cov hlwb thiab tsim cov hlwb tshiab. Thaum cov nroj tsuag siab dua tsis muaj nitrogen, kev tsim cov hlwb tshiab raug thaiv, ua rau cov nroj tsuag qeeb thiab kev loj hlob, lossis txawm tias kev loj hlob stagnation. Protein kuj tseem ceeb heev vim nws yog daim ntawv ntawm lub neej hauv cov kab mob. Yog tias tsis muaj nitrogen thiab tsis muaj protein, yuav tsis muaj txoj sia.
(2) Nitrogen yog ib feem ntawm nucleic acids thiab nucleoproteins:Nucleic acid yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob thiab kev ua neej nyob. Nucleic acid muaj 15% mus rau 16% nitrogen. Ob leeg ribonucleic acid thiab deoxyribonucleic acid muaj nitrogen. Nucleic acids feem ntau yog ua ke nrog cov proteins hauv cov hlwb thiab muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov proteins nuclear. Nucleic acids thiab nuclear proteins muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cell nuclei thiab cov nroj tsuag apical meristems, thiab ua si tshwj xeeb hauv cov nroj tsuag lub neej thiab noob caj noob ces variation. RNA yog tus qauv rau kev tsim cov protein, thiab DNA yog cov khoom siv caj ces uas txiav txim siab txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qoob loo. Ob leeg DNA thiab RNA yog cov khoom xa tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv caj ces. Yog li ntawd, cov qoob loo tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa lub neej yam tsis muaj nitrogen.
(3) Nitrogen yog ib feem ntawm ntau cov enzymes:Enzymes yog cov khoom siv roj ntsha hauv biochemical thiab cov txheej txheem metabolic hauv cov nroj tsuag. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov enzymes yog cov protein. Cov kev taw qhia thiab ceev ntawm ntau cov tshuaj biochemical hauv cov nroj tsuag yog tswj los ntawm enzyme systems. Feem ntau, ib lossis ob peb cov enzymes sib thooj yuav tsum koom nrog hauv txhua qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv biochemical hauv cov txheej txheem metabolic. Yog tias tsis muaj cov enzymes sib raug, nws nyuaj rau cov txheej txheem metabolic mus ua haujlwm zoo. Lub enzyme nws tus kheej yog cov protein. Yog li ntawd, nitrogen feem ntau cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag los ntawm enzymes. Yog li ntawd, nitrogen mov raws li txoj cai muaj feem xyuam rau cov txheej txheem hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm ntau yam tshuaj thiab lub zog hauv cov qoob loo.
(4) Nitrogen yog ib feem ntawm chlorophyll:Chlorophyll yog lub Hoobkas uas tsim "khoom noj" hauv cov nplooj qoob loo. Nws siv absorbed hnub ci zog, carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab noo noo nyob rau hauv cov av los synthesize organic tshuaj. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm chlorophyll feem ntau cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tus nqi ntawm photosynthesis thiab tsim cov khoom photosynthetic. Thaum cov qoob loo ntsuab tsis muaj nitrogen, cov ntsiab lus chlorophyll hauv lub cev poob qis, nplooj tig daj, kev siv ntawm photosynthesis tsis muaj zog, thiab cov khoom photosynthetic txo, yog li txo cov qoob loo yields. Yog li ntawd, nws yog unimaginable tsis muaj nitrogen koom nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ntsuab nroj tsuag.
(5) Nitrogen yog ib feem ntawm qee cov vitamins thiab alkaloids:Piv txwv li, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 thiab alkaloids (nicotine, theophylline, thiab lwm yam) tag nrho muaj nitrogen. Lawv yog cov khoom ntawm coenzymes thiab koom nrog cov metabolism hauv cov qoob loo.
(6) Nitrogen yog ib feem ntawm qee cov tshuaj hormones cog:Xws li auxin thiab cytokinin, thiab lwm yam. muaj nitrogen.
(7) Nitrogen tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov qoob loo:Hauv particular, nws tuaj yeem ua kom cov protein ntau hauv cov noob thiab txhim kho cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Daim ntawv ntawm nitrogen
Ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm nitrogen nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag muaj nyob rau hauv cov organic daim ntawv, thiab muaj ib tug me me ntawm ammonium nitrogen thiab nitrate nitrogen nyob rau hauv cov hauv paus hniav. Muaj peb hom nitrogen hauv av: organic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen thiab organic-inorganic nitrogen. Organic nitrogen suav txog li 90% ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus nitrogen hauv av. Organic nitrogen feem ntau yog hais txog cov nitrogen uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj thiab cov nroj tsuag residues hauv av. Lawv feem ntau siv cov organic chiv, xws li straw chiv rov qab mus rau hauv lub teb, cov tsiaj seem, siv dag siv tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu manure, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic nitrogen nyob rau hauv cov av yog ze ze rau cov nyiaj ntawm cov organic teeb meem thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov av. organic teeb meem. Lawv nqa nitrogen nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov av. Cov nitrogen no feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau yam amino acids, amino qab zib, purines, pyrimidines, vitamins, thiab lwm yam, thiab feem ntau nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov av nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Kev tso tawm ntawm cov organic nitrogen nyob ntawm qhov decomposition ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv av. Tom qab decomposition ntawm cov organic teeb meem, nitrogen ions raug tso tawm thiab hloov mus rau hauv inorganic nitrogen. Organic nitrogen muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntev. Organic nitrogen feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv seem ntawm cov tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag. Cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj nitrogen ntawm tag nrho cov av nitrogen tsuas yog kwv yees li 5%, feem ntau yog ammonium thiab nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, nitrogen thiab nitrogen oxides. Feem ntau ntawm ammonium nitrogen thiab nitrate nitrogen yog yooj yim absorbed thiab siv ncaj qha los ntawm citrus thiab muaj nitrogen.
Nitrogen thiab citrus
Citrus tua thiab paj muaj nitrogen ntau tshaj, yog li tua tua thiab paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo kev loj hlob noj ntau nitrogen nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Citrus nroj tsuag tuaj yeem sau ntau nitrogen nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab lub caij ntuj no rau tua tua thiab flowering nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tom ntej. Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus nitrogen nce nrog kev loj hlob ntawm paj thiab nce mus txog qib siab tshaj plaws thaum nws tawg paj. Cov poj niam thiab stamens yog cov kabmob uas muaj nitrogen tshaj plaws hauv lub paj. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov ntsiab lus nitrogen hauv nplooj poob qis nrog kev txhim kho paj, uas yog, nitrogen hauv nplooj poob rau paj thiab fruitlets nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Thaum ntxov-blooming paj muaj nitrogen ntau dua thiab muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau dua li cov paj tom qab. Nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ntau yam, tus naj npawb ntawm paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ncaj qha proportional rau nitrogen cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv citrus tsob ntoo los yog nplooj. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo teeb tsa tus nqi kuj siab yog tias cov ntsiab lus nitrogen hauv nplooj siab, uas yog, ntau nitrogen tau noj thaum lub sijhawm kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov ceg tshiab, nplooj thiab paj nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Citrus tseem tuaj yeem nqus tau cov nitrogen ntau heev thaum cov av kub yog 9 degree, uas yog, citrus tsim cov cheeb tsam nrog cov av kub dua nyob rau lub caij ntuj no tuaj yeem nqus nitrogen thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm nitrogen yog absorbed thaum lub sij hawm kub kub los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg thaum loj hlob thiab kev ua si muaj zog. Lub sij hawm flowering thiab fruiting nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav feem ntau yog lub sij hawm thaum lub loj tshaj plaws ntawm nitrogen yog absorbed nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub xyoo, qhia tau hais tias ntau nitrogen chiv yuav tsum tau muab rau lub sij hawm no. Tab sis tsis ntau dhau, raws li cov ntsiab lus nitrogen ntawm cov nplooj paub tab thaum lub sij hawm flowering thiab fruiting theem.
Citrus muaj qhov xav tau ntau rau nitrogen. Yog tias nitrogen txaus, cov hauv paus hniav, ceg thiab nplooj yuav loj hlob, nplooj yuav tsaus ntsuab, paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav zoo li qub, cov qoob loo yuav siab, thiab qhov zoo yuav zoo. Nitrogen khaws cia hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv nplooj. Txawm hais tias qhov nce me me, nitrogen muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov ceg, nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Thaum tus nqi ntawm nitrogen thov tsis pub tshaj qhov txwv, raws li tus nqi ntawm nitrogen thov nce, nitrogen cov ntsiab lus ntawm nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo tawm los kuj yuav nce. Ua ntej thiab tom qab cov nroj tsuag blooms, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm nitrogen yog pauv los ntawm nplooj mus rau lub paj buds kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm flowering. Nitrogen muaj cov nyhuv stabilizing thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txhawb kev sib txawv ntawm paj buds. Yog hais tias ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm nplooj poob nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no thiab thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws yuav ua rau ib tug loj poob ntawm nitrogen, cuam tshuam rau tsob ntoo vigor thiab kev loj hlob ntawm paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab ua rau kom txo tau cov qoob loo. Thaum cov ntsiab lus nitrogen nyob hauv qee qhov ntau, cov paj, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov qoob loo ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog ncaj qha proportional rau cov ntsiab lus nitrogen hauv tsob ntoo.
Cov tsos mob ntawm nitrogen tsis txaus thiab tshaj nitrogen
Nitrogen deficiency:
(1) Kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj zog, cov tua tshiab yog qhov txawv txav, thiab cov ceg thiab nplooj yog sparse thiab luv.
(2) Cov nplooj yog nyias, uniformly chlorotic, daj, thiab npub. Cov tsos mob no tuaj yeem txawv ntawm lwm cov kab mob tsis txaus. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, nplooj ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag yuav tig daj uniformly thiab poob tawm ntxov ntxov.
(3) Muaj ob peb paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo me me, lossis txawm tsis muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov peels yog daj ntseg thiab du, thiab lawv feem ntau paub tab thaum ntxov.
(4) Thaum muaj nitrogen tsis txaus, cov tua tuag yuav tshwm sim, tsob ntoo muaj zog yuav poob qis, thiab lub kaus mom yuav liab qab.
Nitrogen deficiency ua rau cov nplooj qub tig daj thiab poob ntxov ntxov
Nitrogen ntau dhau:
(1) Lub tev thickens, cov kua txiv txo qis, thiab cov khoom soluble poob qis.
(2) Yog tias siv urea ntau dhau lawm, cov nplooj citrus yuav raug puas tsuaj vim yog biuret hauv urea.
(3) Yog tias cov ntsiab lus nitrogen siab dhau lawm, cov ceg yuav elongated, paj buds yuav raug txo, thiab paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav poob tiag.
(4) Cov qib nitrogen ntau yuav tsim cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntsuab ntau dua, tab sis tsawg dua cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tawv tawv, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo xim yuav qeeb.
High nitrogen cov ntsiab lus thiab leggy ceg.
Yog vim li cas rau nitrogen deficiency
(1) Cov ntsiab lus nitrogen hauv cov av ntawm citrus orchards tsis txaus. Xws li cov av xuab zeb, uas ua rau cov nitrogen poob, volatilization thiab to, ua rau cov ntsiab lus nitrogen tsawg; los yog cov av uas muaj cov organic me me, tsis muaj kev loj hlob, thiab muaj zog leaching, xws li cov av uas tau rov qab tshiab liab thiab daj loam av uas tsis tau txhim kho thiab matured.
(2) Muaj feem xyuam rau kev nyab xeeb. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv rainy citrus-tsim thaj chaw, nitrogen yog yooj yim ploj; nitrogen deficiency tej zaum yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv av waterlogging los yog drought.
(3) Siv cov chiv nitrogen tsawg dhau los yog siv cov chiv rau hauv av ua rau tsis muaj nitrogen.
(4) Kev cog qoob loo thiab kev tswj hwm xyoo dhau los tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw, uas cuam tshuam rau tsob ntoo cov zaub mov cia. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, thaum lub sij hawm flowering lub sij hawm thiab flowering lub sij hawm, cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj nitrogen.
(5) Kev siv ntau ntawm cov organic chiv uas tsis muaj decomposed tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj nitrogen vim yog cov khoom siv microbial sib tw rau cov khoom siv nitrogen.
Cov txheej txheem los kho qhov tsis muaj nitrogen
(1) Txhim kho daim ntawv thov ntawm nitrogen chiv sai ntawm cov hauv paus hniav thiab muab nws nrog phosphorus thiab potassium chiv kom tsis txhob muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov ntsiab lus thaum siv nitrogen ntau ntau. Siv cov organic chiv ntau dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntxiv dag zog rau kev tswj dej kom tsis txhob muaj cov av qhuav dhau los yog ntub dhau, kom tsis txhob muaj kev txhim kho ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, cuam tshuam rau kev nqus thiab ua rau tsis muaj nitrogen.
(2) Txau cov chiv nitrogen siab rau ntawm nplooj, ib zaug txhua 5-7 hnub, thiab tshuaj tsuag 2-3 zaug ua ke.
