cov tsos mob
Feem ntau ua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txiv hmab txiv ntoo stems thiab cobs, thiab tseem ua rau nplooj poob thaum loj.
(1) Nplooj:Tawm-dawb, puag ncig qhov txhab tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm pib.
(2) Cov:Hloov, oval lossis irregular lesions tshwm nyob ze ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nplej, tsaus xim av mus rau greyish dub, me ntsis sunken. Qee cov cobs qhuav, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob tsis zoo, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nto wrinkled. Cov kab mob pathogenic cuam tshuam cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob ze ntawm lub cob, thiab qhov txhab tshwm sim.
(3) Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo:Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo saum npoo kuj kis tau. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo lesions tsaus xim av mus rau liab doog xim av. Sparse me me dub me ntsis yog tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cobs thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo lesions. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj kab mob ua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo khov nyob rau theem tom qab thiab tseem nyob ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntev.
Kab mob
Physalospora baccae yog hu ua grape cyst, uas belongs rau lub nceeg vaj fungus Ascomycota. Ascus oblate los yog ze li ntawm spherical, tsaus xim av, faus nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg muaj kab mob, nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb orifice, 200μm × 180μm nyob rau hauv loj. Ascus tsis muaj xim, cylindrical. Ascospores tsis muaj xim, ib leeg ntawm tes, oval lossis spindle-puab, loj (15.3-24) μm × ({5}}.5) μm, nrog rau sab nraub qaum ntawm ascus, linear thiab tsis muaj xim, nrog {{7 }} seb.
Hom anamorphic yog MacroMacrophoma faocida. Nws yog hu ua Phomama faocida, uas belongs rau anamorphic fungus ntawm lub nceeg vaj fungal. Cov pycnidia yog ib nrab faus nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm tus tswv tsev, oval, tsaus xim av, thiab sab saum toj orifices tawg los ntawm cov epidermis kom nthuav tawm, thiab qhov loj yog (104-320) μm × (80-240) μm .
Ib txheej tuab ntawm conidiophores hlob densely nyob rau sab hauv phab ntsa ntawm pycnidia. Cov conidiophores luv luv, cylindrical, ib leeg-celled, tsis muaj xim, 25-30 μm ntev, thiab conidia yog txuas ntxiv ua rau saum. Conidia yog oval lossis spindle-puab, thiab tib lub hlwb tsis muaj xim, nrog qhov loj ntawm (16-24) μm × (5-7) μm.
Kev kis kab mob thiab kab mob
Nws tsuas yog overwinters nrog pycnidia ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kab mob, kab mob cobs lossis kab mob nplooj. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas cov ascus yog tsim rau ntau tiam, lub ascus plhaub kuj yog lub ntsiab overwintering lub cev. Qee cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias mycelium tuaj yeem dhau lub caij ntuj no hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab tsim asthecia nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo tom ntej.
Tom qab overwintering, ascospores los yog pycnidia tso ascospores los yog conidia thaum kub nce, los nag los yog high humidity tej yam kev mob, thiab kis tau los ntawm cua thiab los nag los yog kab. Lub conidia germinate nyob rau hauv 4 teev ntawm 24-28 degree . Ascospores tuaj yeem tawg ntawm 25 degree rau 5 teev. Cov kab mob hloov mus rau qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 9-40 degree , thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov kab mob ntawm 15-35 degree .
Tus kab mob no yog ib yam kab mob kub thiab av noo, thiab qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws rau mycelia loj hlob yog 35 degree. Yog li ntawd, qhov kub thiab txias, los nag thiab ntub dej tom qab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo xim yog qhov zoo rau nws qhov tshwm sim thiab nthuav dav. Rhodium blight yog ib tug kab mob facultative, thiab kev tswj yog dav, kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj zog, thiab tus kab mob yog loj nyob rau hauv kaw thiab ntub vineyards.
Txoj kev tiv thaiv
(1) Agricultural Control:
① Xaiv thiab cog cov kab mob tiv taus ntau yam raws li cov xwm txheej hauv zos. American system grapes muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li Heihuxiang.
② Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, cov kab mob, nplooj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab lwm yam yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm kom huv si, thiab hlawv lossis faus tob heev kom txo tau qhov kis kab mob thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo thib ob.
③ Prune lub grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov los ntawm lub sij hawm ntev ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tshiab tua, tshem tawm ntau tshaj cov ceg thiab vines, qhib txoj kev kaj, txuag tsob ntoo as-ham, nce daim ntawv thov ntawm sai-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, thiab potassium compound chiv, thiab tshuaj tsuag. 0.3 feem pua rau 0.5 feem pua dihydrogen phosphate ntawm nplooj Potassium thiab urea sib tov los txhim kho tsob ntoo vigor thiab txhim kho tsob ntoo kab mob.
Thaum lub caij los nag, ceev faj kom muaj dej ntau hauv lub vaj kom tsim kom muaj qhov chaw nyob hauv qhov chaw siab kom txo tau cov kab mob. Tom qab nplooj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo poob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj kab mob, nplooj thiab ceg ntoo ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub vaj yuav tsum tau hlawv lossis faus tob rau lub sijhawm kom tshem tawm cov kab mob overwintering.
(2) Tshuaj tswj:
① Tom qab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau muab tso rau ntawm lub txee thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, tshuaj tsuag 3-5 Baume degrees txiv qaub sulfur sib tov, thiab tshuaj tsuag 70 feem pua thiophanate-methyl wettable hmoov 500-1000 zaug ua kua rau tag nrho tsob ntoo 1-2 lub sij hawm (interval 8-10} hnub) rau bud germination Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lub sij hawm, tag nrho cov ntoo yog sprayed nrog Baume 3-5 txiv qaub sulfur sib tov kom tshem tawm qhov chaw ntawm overwintering kab mob.
Tom qab cov nplooj txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau nthuav tawm, los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm pob ntseg tsim, tag nrho tsob ntoo yog txau nrog 500 zaug ntawm 50 feem pua carbendazim WP, los yog sib tov ntawm 50 feem pua thiram cream thiab 80 feem pua ntawm anthracnose thiram WP 1500-2000 zaug. Txau ib zaug txhua 10 mus rau 15 hnub, thiab tshuaj tsuag 4 mus rau 5 zaug hauv tag nrho, uas tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm grape tsev blight, thiab kuj kho grape dawb rot thiab lwm yam kab mob.
② Rau cov vaj txiv hmab uas muaj kab mob hnyav, lawv tuaj yeem ntim tau los tiv thaiv kab mob tom qab paj poob. Ua ntej ntim, 1:0.5:200 Bordeaux sib tov yuav tsum tau txau ib zaug.
