1. Sunflower Verticillium wilt.
(1) Agricultural tswj. Xaiv cov kab mob-resistant ntau yam. Xaiv cov paj paj noob hlis uas muaj cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab ua haujlwm siab rau Verticillium wilt. Ua ib txoj hauj lwm zoo ntawm kev cog qoob loo. Tig nrog cov qoob loo xws li pob kws, oats lossis buckwheat. Sow nyob rau lub sijhawm. Yuav kom ncua sij hawm sowing hnub nyob rau hauv lub premise ntawm kom paub meej lub loj hlob ntawm sunflower noob. Ridge cultivation. Hauv thaj chaw cog qoob loo nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, siv ob-los ntawm qhov khoob (nroj 2 kab thiab 1 kab) lossis loj ridges thiab ob kab rau cog. Dej thiab fertilize kom zoo. Tsis txhob tso dej nyab, ua rau cov hauv paus hniav tsis zoo thiab tshwm sim loj ntawm Verticillium wilt. Daim ntawv thov ntawm nitrogen chiv los yog compound fertilizer tov nrog nitrogen chiv tuaj yeem txhim kho qib tsis kam ntawm cov nroj tsuag mus rau qhov sib txawv.(2) Tshuaj tswj.Kev tshawb fawb xaiv cov tshuaj sau npe ntawm cov paj noob hlis. Kev xyaum hauv zos qhia tau hais tias 10 feem pua ntawm flusilazole dej dispersible granules, 19 feem pua picoxystrobin-propiconazole tshem tawm tus neeg sawv cev lossis 40 feem pua ntawm cov manganese-zinc wettable hmoov yuav tsum tau siv rau cov noob hnav khaub ncaws raws li 0.3 feem pua ntawm cov noob hnyav, lossis 1. billion / 15 feem pua ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov noob tau kho nrog 15 feem pua ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov noob, thiab daim ntawv thov ntau tuaj yeem nthuav dav raws li kev sim ua qauv qhia.
2. Sunflower Sclerotinia
(1) Agricultural tswj.Xaiv cov kab mob-resistant ntau yam. Tig nrog cov qoob loo nyom, thiab sim kom tsis txhob stubble nrog legumes, crucifers, thiab nightshade qoob loo uas tau ntsib sclerotinia. Sib sib zog nqus plowing thiab lig sowing nyob rau lub sij hawm, yog li ntawd lub flowering lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau zam kom deb li deb li sai tau los ntawm lub caij los nag, thiab cog hom uas yuav ua rau kom permeability ntawm lub teb yog saws los txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm sclerotinia. Ua ib txoj hauj lwm zoo ntawm pastoral hygiene.(2) Tshuaj tswj.Kev tshawb fawb xaiv cov tshuaj sau npe ntawm cov paj noob hlis. ① Kev kho noob. Siv 25 g/L fludioxonil suspension noob txheej tus neeg sawv cev los npog cov noob raws li hom tshuaj sib piv tau teev tseg ntawm daim ntawv lo. ② tswj cov noob. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv 200 lab spores / g Conchicoides wettable hmoov yuav tsum tau txau tom qab cog rau kev kho av sealing. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig kev sim hauv qee thaj chaw, 100 lab spores / gram ntawm Trichoderma dej-dispersible granules lossis 300 lab spores / gram ntawm Trichoderma WP 1500-2250g / hm2 kuj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau inhibiting sclerotia germination. ③ paj tswj. Kev xyaum tau pom tias kev txau 20-30g/667m2 ntawm 75 feem pua oxime fungus·tebuconazole dej-dispersible granules nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub paj disc nyob rau hauv thawj flowering theem ntawm sunflower muaj cov nyhuv zoo, thiab daim ntawv thov ntau yam yuav nthuav. raws li kev sim ua qauv qhia. Lub sijhawm txau yog 5-7d, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm kev txau yog txiav txim siab raws li tus nqi ntawm cov sclerotia hauv thaj teb thiab cov nag los, feem ntau yog 2-3 zaug. Cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj tsuag yog cov tsheb loj, ntxiv los ntawm cov nroj tsuag tiv thaiv drones thiab cov tshuaj txau.
3. Sunflower downy mildew.
(1) Agricultural tswj.Xaiv cov kab mob-resistant ntau yam, zam kev rov ua qoob loo thiab kev cog qoob loo tsis tu ncua, thiab cog kom tsim nyog.(2) Tshuaj tswj.① Kev kho noob. 350g / L metalaxyl nplua noob kho emulsion raug xaiv rau cov noob hnav khaub ncaws raws li qhov sib piv ntawm hom tshuaj uas teev rau ntawm daim ntawv lo. ②Txoj kev kho mob. Kev tshawb fawb xaiv cov tshuaj sau npe ntawm paj noob hlis, thiab kev xyaum qhia tau hais tias thaum lub hauv paus kab mob tshwm sim hauv thaj teb, 58 feem pua ntawm metalaxyl manganese zinc WP 1000 zaug ua kua lossis 25 feem pua ntawm metalaxyl WP 800-1000 zaug ua kua, 72 feem pua cov tshuaj nplaum tuaj yeem siv tau. urea·manganese zinc wettable hmoov 700-800 zaug ua kua muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag foliar, thiab daim ntawv thov ntau tuaj yeem nthuav dav raws li kev sim thiab ua qauv qhia.
4. Paj noob hlis xeb.
(1) Agricultural tswj.Xaiv cov kab mob-resistant hybrid ntau yam, nqa tawm cov qoob loo tig, thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob thiab cov nroj tsuag seem nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm.(2) Tshuaj tswj.Kev tshawb fawb xaiv cov tshuaj sau npe ntawm cov paj noob hlis. Kev xyaum tau pom tias 1000-2500 zaug ntawm 25 feem pua cov hmoov xeb WP, 2000 npaug ntawm 12.5 feem pua terprazole WP, lossis 30 feem pua ntawm pyraclostrobin EC, 48 feem pua ntawm benzoic azoxystrobin ncua ntawm 1500 zaug, tshuaj tsuag tiv thaiv thiab tswj thaum ntxov ntawm tus kab mob no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab cov peev txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov tuaj yeem nthuav dav raws li kev sim ua qauv qhia. Daim ntawv thov dav dav 2 zaug, ncua sijhawm 7-10d ib zaug. Kev siv lwm yam hauv kev tsim khoom los ncua kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv.
5. Sunflower kab.
(1) Agricultural tswj. ① Xaiv resistant thiab resistant sunflower ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj hnub nyoog loj tshwm sim, xaiv sunflower ntau yam uas zoo dua coj mus muag thiab kev tiv thaiv rau lub zos tseem ceeb physiological haiv neeg, los yog xaiv cov roj sunflower ntau yam uas muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua; Cov paj noob hlis zoo dua, ua ke nrog kev siv dej thiab chiv lossis kev loj hlob regulators los tswj thiab txo qhov kev puas tsuaj. ② Tsim nyog cov qoob loo tig. Tig nrog cov qoob loo uas tsis yog tswv tsev uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob xws li pob kws, flax, carrots, thiab lwm yam, kom txo tau cov khoom muag ntawm cov noob paj noob hlis zoo hauv av. ③ Sib sib zog nqus ploj av, tsim nyog nce dej thiab chiv los txhim kho kev loj hlob ntawm paj paj thiab inhibit qhov germination ntawm sunflowers.(2) Tshuaj tswj.Cov tshuaj herbicides sau npe ntawm paj noob hlis yog kev tshawb fawb xaiv. Kev xyaum tau pom tias siv 5 feem pua imazethapyr nicotinic acid aqueous tov 50-100ml/667m2 rau kev kho tshuaj tsuag ntawm 4-8 nplooj nplooj ntawm paj paj noob hlis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab cov peev txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov tuaj yeem nthuav dav ntawm lub hauv paus. ntawm kev sim ua qauv qhia.
6. Sunflower paj.
(1) Agricultural tswj.Kho hnub tshaj tawm. Nyob rau hauv Bayannaoer City thiab Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, lub sij hawm sowing yog xaiv txij lub Tsib Hlis 25 txog rau Lub Rau Hli 5; nyob rau hauv Yinbei thaj chaw xws li Shizuishan City, Ningxia, lub sij hawm sowing yog xaiv ua ntej lub Tsib Hlis 10, uas yuav ua tau zoo zam los yog txo cov paj noob hlis kev phom sij ntawm borers. Cog roj sunflowers. Roj-hom sunflowers muaj siab tiv thaiv sunflower borers. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas hnyav sunflower borers, kev puas tsuaj ntawm sunflower borers yuav zam tau los ntawm cog roj sunflowers.(2) Kev tswj cov roj ntsha.① Tso Trichogramma. Thaum lub paj paj paj tawg paj tau txog 20 feem pua, 50 feem pua thiab 80 feem pua, cov muv tau tso peb zaug, thiab tag nrho cov tso tawm yog 80,000 taub hau/667m2. ② Siv tshuaj tua kab mob lom. Nyob rau theem pib ntawm paj paj paj noob hlis, kev coj ntawm kev txau ntawm 16000IU/mg BT WP 0.75-1.5kg/hm2 tau ua rau ntawm cov paj paj noob hlis kom tswj cov larvae.(3) Kev tswj lub cev.Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas yooj yim zog mov, siv zaus-vibration insecticidal teeb los tswj sunflower borers, thiab dai ib tug kab tua kab txhua txhua 4hm2.(4) Lub cev thiab tshuaj induction thiab tswj.Los ntawm ua ntej lub ncov ntawm cov neeg laus kab mus rau tom qab flowering theem ntawm sunflower, kev sib deev pheromone ntxiab tau muab tso rau hauv lub teb ntawm ib tug ceev ntawm 25-30 pieces/hm2 ntawm sib npaug zos nyob rau hauv ib tug checkerboard style rau cuab thiab tua cov neeg laus. Nco ntsoov tias tsis hais txog kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv lossis kev tswj lub cev, sim ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tswj hwm loj.
7. Paj thrips.
(1) Agricultural tswj.Xaiv cov kab-resistant ntau yam. Tom qab cov qoob loo yav dhau los tau sau, sib sib zog nqus plowing thiab theem ntawm cov av arable yog nqa tawm raws sijhawm. Yog hais tias tej yam kev mob tso cai, irrigation yuav nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab lub caij ntuj no los rhuav tshem lub overwintering site ntawm thrips thiab txo lub hauv paus ntawm kab mob thiab kab kab. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum ntxov, tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag qus xws li licorice thiab taum iab nyob rau hauv daim teb ridges.(2) Kev tswj lub cev.Thaum cov paj paj tawg paj, dai daj lossis xiav nplaum nplaum rau hauv cov paj paj paj ntawm qhov ntom ntawm 30-40 pieces / 667m2 rau cuab thiab tua cov thrips. Qhov dai qhov siab yuav tsum siab tshaj li cov paj paj noob hlis. Tshem tawm cov nplaum nplaum nyob rau lub sijhawm ua ntej lub sijhawm paj kom tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo thiab pollination. kab.(3) Kev tswj cov roj ntsha.Orius sauteri (Poppius) tuaj yeem tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm budding thiab flowering theem rau kev tswj, thiab kev tso tawm yog txiav txim siab raws li qhov piv ntawm thrips: 25: 1 ntawm East Asian stink kab, ib zaug txhua txhua 5-7d, thiab tsis tu ncua rau 2-3 zaug.(4) Tshuaj tswj.Kev kho noob. Siv 30 feem pua thiamethoxam noob kho tus neeg sawv cev rau kev kho mob raws li txoj kev teev tseg ntawm daim ntawv lo. Tshuaj tswj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim dynamics ntawm paj thrips, nyob rau hauv lub V-8 theem mus rau lub V-18 seedling theem, nyob rau hauv lub R-1 theem mus rau lub R-5.1 flowering theem , nws tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lwm yam tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj tua kab rau kev tswj.
8. Nyom borer.
(1) Kev saib xyuas thiab kev kwv yees.Vim hais tias cov nyom nyom yog ib qho kab mob sib kis thiab tsiv teb tsaws, thiab nws qhov tshwm sim raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam, nws yuav tsum ua txoj haujlwm zoo ntawm kev saib xyuas cov kab mob thiab tuav cov nyom ntawm cov nyom hauv lub sijhawm los tsim lub hauv paus rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tswj xyuas. .(2) Agricultural tswj.Ntshiab teb thiab headland weeds, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Chenopodiaceae weeds, thiab txo qhov ntom ntawm nyom borer larvae.(3) Tshuaj tswj.Ua ntej 3rd instar larvae, cov tshuaj tua kab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau lub sijhawm tsis paj ntawm paj noob hlis txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txo qhov ntom ntawm cov nyom borer larvae ntawm cov qoob loo thiab ib puag ncig cov nroj tsuag thiab txo kev puas tsuaj.
9. kab mob bollworm.
(1) Agricultural tswj.Cov nqes hav yog tig dhau lub caij nplooj zeeg lig, txo qhov chaw ntawm cov kab overwintering.(2) Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg inducement. ① Kev sib deev pheromone ntxiab rau ntxiab. Thaum lub sij hawm ncov ntawm cov neeg laus paj rwb bollworm, 25-30 cov pheromone ntxiab tau muab tso rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov checkerboard style los cuab thiab tua cov neeg laus, hloov qhov piv ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam hauv thaj teb thiab txo cov qe zoo. ntim. ② khoom noj khoom haus. Teeb tsa cov khoom noj pub rau ib daim av.(3) Tshuaj tswj.Xaiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob scientifically thiab rationally, thiab ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum lub sij hawm tseem ceeb ua ntej 3rd instar larvae tsis tau dhuav rau hauv lub tais paj lossis ua rau pom kev puas tsuaj. Kev xyaum tau pom tias 2.5 feem pua deltamethrin EC, 2.5 feem pua beta-cyhalothrin EC 3000 zaug ua kua tshuaj tsuag, los yog 25 feem pua fenbuprofen No. 3 ncua kev tshem tawm tus neeg sawv cev 500-1000 zaug ua kua tshuaj tsuag disk, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev nthuav dav. ntawm daim ntawv thov raws li kev sim ua qauv qhia.
10. Cov kab tsuag hauv av.
(1) Agricultural tswj.Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, sib sib zog nqus plowing thiab raking, nrog kev pab los ntawm tej yam xws li raug tshav ntuj, tsis tshua muaj kub, thiab predation los ntawm ntuj yeeb ncuab, yuav tua ib co overwintering pests thiab txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej. Kev tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov teb thiab cov teb, ntxuav cov stubble residues, thiab tsim ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob uas tsis haum rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab tsuag hauv av. Dej nyab nyob rau lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yuam kom ntog grubs thiab mole crickets mus dhia dej los yog poob dej.(2) Kev tswj lub cev.Thaum lub sij hawm flowering lub sij hawm ntawm cov neeg laus, ib tug zaus-vibrating insecticide teeb tau dai nyob rau hauv lub teb los cuab thiab tua cov neeg laus, thiab ib tug insecticide teeb yog dai txhua txhua 4hm2.(3) Tshuaj tswj.Kev tshawb fawb xaiv cov tshuaj sau npe ntawm paj noob hlis. ① Kev kho noob. Siv thiamethoxam tshem tawm cov noob txheej los kho cov noob raws li cov tshuaj tau teev tseg rau ntawm daim ntawv tshuaj tua kab. ② kev kho av. 15 feem pua chlorpyrifos granules ntawm 18-24kg / hm2 thiab 3 feem pua phoxim granules ntawm 90-120kg / hm2 tuaj yeem siv rau daim ntawv thov sawb thiab daim ntawv thov qhov los ntawm kev sim ua qauv qhia, lossis lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv teb ua ke nrog lub hauv paus chiv thaum lub sij hawm fertilization. ③ Tshuaj lom neeg tua. Hauv kev sim ua qauv qhia, 25 feem pua phoxim microcapsules 2250-3000mL / hm2 tov nrog millet thiab lwm yam bait 75kg tuaj yeem siv thiab nchuav rau hauv cov noob ditch.
