1. Auxin (IAA)
Auxin yog ib hom tshuaj endogenous uas muaj lub nplhaib uas tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw thiab cov acetic acid sab saw. Cov lus Askiv luv yog IAA. Lub npe thoob ntiaj teb yog indole acetic acid (IAA). 4-Chloro-IAA, 5-hydroxy-IAA, naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indolebutyric acid, thiab lwm yam yog auxin zoo li tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog kev cai siv indoleacetic acid ua ib lub ntsiab lus rau auxin.
Kev loj hlob-txhawb cov nyhuv ntawm auxin yog tsuas yog los txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm tes, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cell elongation. Nws tseem tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab rooting ntawm txiav ceg. Tab sis cov ntaub so ntswg auxin, uas nyhav rau hnub nyoog, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Nta:
① Qhov zoo tshaj plaws;
② Cell nuclear faib thiab cell longitudinal elongation;
③ Cov nplooj loj tuaj;
④ cuttings thiab keeb kwm;
⑤ Tus kab mob;
⑥ Inhibit cov hauv paus hniav;
⑦ Qhib stomata;
⑧ Ntxiv qhov dormancy.
2. Gibberellin
Xyoo 1938, Nyij Pooj Yabuda Sadajiro thiab Sumiki Yusuke tau cais cov tshuaj nquag no los ntawm kev lim dej ntawm Gibberella kab lis kev cai nruab nrab thiab txheeb xyuas nws cov qauv tshuaj. Lub npe gibberellik acid. Los ntawm 1983, ntau tshaj 60 gibberellic acid-zoo li tshuaj tau raug cais thiab txheeb xyuas. Feem ntau muab faib ua ob pawg: lub xeev dawb thiab lub xeev khi, sib sau ua ke hu ua gibberellins, npe hu ua GA1 thiab GA2 feem. Cov gibberellins sib txawv muaj cov haujlwm lom neeg sib txawv, thiab gibberellic acid (GA3) muaj kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm gibberellins yog ua kom cov cell elongation (gibberellins tuaj yeem nce cov ntsiab lus auxin hauv cov nroj tsuag, thiab auxin ncaj qha tswj cov cell elongation). Nws kuj txhawb kev faib cell. Nws tuaj yeem txhawb kev nthuav dav ntawm tes (tab sis tsis ua rau acidification ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm tes).
Nta:
① Tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm lub cev thiab tawg dormancy;
② Txhawb kev hloov pauv ntawm maltose (inducing tsim ntawm -amylase);
③ Txhawb nqa kev loj hlob (nws tsis txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, tab sis tseem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm stems thiab nplooj).
3. Cytokinin (CTK)
Cytokinins (CTKs) yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj hormones cog uas txhawb nqa kev faib tawm ntawm tes, txhawb kev tsim cov paj, thiab txhawb lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Xyoo 1955, thaum kawm txog cov kab lis kev cai cog qoob loo, Skoog thiab lwm tus hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tshawb pom ib yam khoom uas txhawb nqa kev faib tawm ntawm tes, uas yog hu ua kinetin.
Nws lub npe tshuaj yog 6-furfurylaminopurine. Kinetin tsis muaj nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag. Tom qab ntawd, ntau tshaj li kaum ob cov tshuaj nrog kinetin physiological kev ua haujlwm raug cais tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Tam sim no tag nrho cov tshuaj nrog tib lub cev kev ua haujlwm zoo li kinetin, txawm tias yog ntuj lossis hluavtaws, suav nrog hu ua cytokinins.
Lawv cov qauv yooj yim yog 6-aminopurine nplhaib. Ntuj cytokinins hauv cov nroj tsuag muaj xws li zeatin, dihydrozeatin, isopentenyl adenine, zeatin nucleoside, isopentenyl adenosine, thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv rau kinetin, hluavtaws cytokinins kuj muaj xws li 6-benzylaminopurine.
Physiological teebmeem
① Txhawb kev faib cell thiab tswj lawv qhov sib txawv.
② Ncua qhov degradation ntawm cov protein thiab chlorophyll, ncua kev laus, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev khaws ntsuab.
Nta:
① Cytoplasmic division thiab lateral cell elongation;
② Tshem tawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws;
③ Txhawb nqa kev sib txawv ntawm cov paj;
④ Inhibit qia elongation;
⑤ Qhib stomata;
⑥ inhibit qhov decomposition ntawm chlorophyll.
4. Abscisic acid (ABA)
Abscisic acid (abbreviated li ABA) yog ib qho ntawm cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Tus nqi ntawm ntuj active abscisic acid (+)-ABA thiab tshuaj siv tshuaj synthesis ntawm abscisic acid yog siab heev. Vim nws tus nqi siab thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, abscisic acid tsis tau siv dav hauv kev ua liaj ua teb. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no tsuas yog siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb loj hauv cov teb chaws tsim kho xws li Nyiv thiab Tebchaws Meskas. Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb tab tom nrhiav txoj hauv kev los tsim cov abscisic acid pheej yig.
Cov teebmeem physiological ntawm abscisic acid feem ntau yog ua rau kom dormancy thiab txhawb kev poob. Cov nyhuv ntawm abscisic acid kuj yog qhov txawv ntawm cytokinin. Abscisic acid antagonizes gibberellin thiab cytokinin hauv cov nroj tsuag.
Nta:
① Txhawb nqa;
② inhibit kev loj hlob;
③ Txhawb kev dormancy;
④ Ua rau stomata kaw;
⑤ Ua kom muaj kev ntxhov siab;
⑥ Kev cuam tshuam qhov sib txawv;
⑦ Tswj kev loj hlob ntawm noob embryos.
5. Ethylene (ETH)
Ethylene yog ib tsob nroj endogenous hormone. Txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag siab dua, xws li nplooj, stems, cag, paj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tubers, noob thiab seedlings, tsim ethylene nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob. Nws yog hloov los ntawm methionine nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm txaus oxygen mov. Nws yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws molecule ntawm cov nroj tsuag cov tshuaj hormones, thiab nws physiological muaj nuj nqi yog tsuas yog txhawb cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cell expansion. Grains paub tab thiab txhawb kev poob ntawm nplooj, paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws kuj induces paj bud sib txawv, lov dormancy, txhawb germination, inhibits flowering, organ shedding, dwarfs nroj tsuag thiab txhawb kev tsim ntawm adventitious keeb kwm.
Ethylene yog ib qho roj thiab tsis yooj yim rau kev thov hauv thaj teb. Nws tsis yog txog thaum txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ethephon uas cov tswv yim ethylene cog kev loj hlob regulators tau muab rau kev ua liaj ua teb. Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog ethephon, vinylsilicone, glycoxime, mecloniopyrazole, defoliation phosphine, thiab cycloheximide (cycloheximide). Lawv txhua tus tso cov ethylene, yog li lawv raug hu ua ethylene releasing agents. Tam sim no, feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws yog ethephon, uas yog dav siv los ua kom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening, defoliate paj rwb ua ntej sau, txhawb paj rwb bolls kom tawg thiab nto qaub ncaug, txhawb cov roj hmab latex secretion, dwarf mov, nce poj niam paj ntawm melons. , thiab txhawb pineapple flowering.
Nta:
① Triple tshuaj tiv thaiv;
② Txhawb nqa txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening;
③ Txhawb nqa cov nplooj senescence;
④ Induce qhov tshwm sim ntawm adventitious keeb kwm thiab hauv paus plaub hau;
⑤ Tuav lub dormancy ntawm cov noob thiab buds;
⑥ Inhibits lub paj ntawm ntau cov nroj tsuag (tab sis muaj peev xwm induce thiab txhawb lub flowering ntawm pineapples thiab nroj tsuag ntawm tib genus);
⑦ Hauv cov nroj tsuag dioecious, cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev sib deev sib txawv ntawm paj tuaj yeem hloov pauv thaum ntxov hauv paj.
6. Brassinolide (BR)
Kuj hu ua brassinoids thiab brassinosteroids, hu ua BR. Nws tau pom nyob rau hauv rapeseed paj ntoos nyob rau hauv 1970 los ntawm Mitchell, agronomist ntawm USDA Research Center. Nws muaj kev tswj hwm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau theem kev loj hlob ntawm cov qoob loo, thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm gibberellin, cytokinin thiab auxin; thiab nws muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj hormones endogenous hauv cov nroj tsuag. Qhov kev loj hlob txhawb nqa ntawm brassinosteroid yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, thiab nws cov concentration yog ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab qis dua li ntawm auxin.
Nws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog los txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm hydrogen ions los ntawm lub twj tso kua mis proton ntawm lub cell membrane system, ua rau acidification ntawm qhov chaw dawb thiab so ntawm phab ntsa ntawm tes los txhawb kev loj hlob. Brassinosteroids tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov haujlwm ntawm auxin oxidase, tswj cov ntsiab lus ntawm endogenous auxin hauv cov nroj tsuag, thiab tswj cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob. Brassinosteroids tseem tuaj yeem tswj kev faib cov khoom noj hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov ceg tsis muaj zog. Brassinosteroids tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov metabolism ntawm nucleic acid tshuaj thiab ncua kev laus ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv vitro.
Tam sim no, ntau tshaj 40 hom brassinosteroid tebchaw tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam qoob loo, thiab lawv tau sau ua ke hu ua brassinosteroid compounds (BRs luv luv). Lawv tau dav faib rau hauv cov nroj tsuag ntawm ntau tsev neeg thiab genera thiab nyob rau hauv ntau yam kabmob ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiab lawv cov physiological kev ua ub no thiab cov ntsiab lus kuj txawv. Ntawm lawv, ib qho uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab dua thiab muaj zog tshaj plaws yog hu ua brassinosteroid hauv rapeseed pollen. Tam sim no, muaj cov khoom siv hluavtaws brassinosteroids, tseem hu ua epi-brassinolides lossis brassinolides (BR), thiab lawv cov teebmeem ntawm daim ntawv thov yog tib yam li ntuj brassinolides.
Nta:
① So dormancy thiab txhawb cov noob germination;
② Txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog;
③ Txhim kho pollen fertilization thiab nce txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhov chaw;
④ Ua kom zoo dua sab saum toj thiab txhawb cov germination ntawm lateral buds;
⑤ Tswj kev faib cov as-ham hauv cov nroj tsuag;
⑥ Txhawb nqa kev faib tawm ntawm tes, nce nplooj loj, thiab txhawb nqa cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj;
⑦ Txhawb nqa photosynthesis, nce chlorophyll cov ntsiab lus, thiab ncua kev laus nplooj;
⑧ Txhim kho cov nroj tsuag physiological metabolism thiab ua kom cov synthesis ntawm cov proteins, suab thaj thiab lwm yam as-ham;
⑨ Txhim kho kev ntxhov siab thiab txo qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov chaw tsis zoo (kub, kab mob, tshuaj tua kab, ntsev, dej nag).
