RNA cuam tshuam (RNAi luv luv) yog hais txog kev degradation ntawm mRNA tshwm sim los ntawm endogenous lossis exogenous ob-stranded RNA, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hom phiaj qhia, thiab feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv cov kab mob. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias nyob rau xyoo 1990, cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb fawb maj mam tshawb pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm RNAi gene silencing, thiab tam sim no nws tau siv dav hauv kev tshawb fawb entomology. Vim tias RNAi-induced gene silencing muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, tshwj xeeb, thiab kev yooj yim, cov thev naus laus zis no kuj tau siv los tsim cov tshuaj tua kab tshiab hauv xyoo tas los no.
Yuav ua li cas RNAi tswj cov kab tsuag
RNAi cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem sau thiab txhais lus ntawm cov noob ntsig txog kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab tsuag, tiv thaiv cov protein synthesis, ua rau txo qis ib puag ncig hloov pauv lossis tuag ntawm cov kab tsuag. Hom kev tswj no feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv ob-stranded RNA ntawm lub hom phiaj noob los ntawm kev pub mis. Tom qab kab noj ib ob-stranded RNA uas yog heev tshwj xeeb rau lub hom phiaj gene, ob-stranded RNA yog absorbed nyob rau hauv lub midgut. Yog hais tias lub hom phiaj gene yuav tsum ntsiag to tsis nyob rau hauv lub midgut, lub suab ntsiag to tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm cov hlwb lossis cov ntaub so ntswg thiab mus txog qhov chaw ntawm lub hom phiaj cuam tshuam rau RNAi.
Lub hom phiaj cov noob tau xaiv rau kev tswj xyuas kab tsuag siv RNAi thev naus laus zis tau faib ua tsib hom: Kab Tsuag tua kab mob, cov noob muaj feem xyuam rau cov kab tsuag tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob (txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshuaj tua kab), cov noob muaj feem xyuam rau kab tsuag kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, noob muaj feem xyuam rau cov qe kab. tso, thiab cov noob muaj feem xyuam rau qhov tsis hnov tsw (uas cuam tshuam nrog kev cog qoob loo los ntawm kab tsuag).
Tam sim no, txoj kev nrov tshaj plaws los qhia txog ob txoj hlua RNA rau hauv kab yog los ntawm kev pub mis. Txoj kev no yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam thiab siv tau yooj yim. Tam sim no, txoj kev no tau ua tiav siv los tswj ntau yam kab tsuag xws li cov nroj tsuag xim av, kab kab, kab kab Triatomine thiab pob kws kab kab. Txoj kev pub mis tsis xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, thiab nws kuj tseem yooj yim dua los siv txoj kev no los tshawb fawb txog RNAi. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no yog qhov ua haujlwm qeeb thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv los ntawm kab hauv lub qe thiab pupa theem vim lawv tsis tuaj yeem noj.
Qhov zoo ntawm RNAi hauv kev tswj kab tsuag
(1) Vim muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm ob-stranded RNA, cov khoom zoo li no yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob uas tsis yog hom phiaj.
(2) RNA biopesticides yog cov khoom uas ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig lossis kab mob, yog li lawv qhov kev phom sij rau cov kab mob uas tsis yog hom phiaj yog qis dua cov tshuaj tua kab. Cov tshuaj no kuj tuaj yeem degraded los ntawm txoj kev ntuj.
(3) Cov khoom zoo li no tuaj yeem tsim rau txhua hom kab tsuag. Muab piv rau Bt thev naus laus zis ua piv txwv, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias Bt kab-resistant transgenic cov qoob loo muaj kev txwv tsis pub siv los tswj cov kab nqus vim Bt co toxins tseem tsis tau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov kab tsuag. Qhov teeb meem no tau daws tau siv cov nroj tsuag-mediated RNAi.
Cov kev sib tw thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis hauv kev siv RNAi
Kev lag luam muaj peev xwm ntawm kev siv RNAi thev naus laus zis los tswj cov kab tsuag feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev xa ob-stranded RNA rau cov hom phiaj kab, txawm tias ob-stranded RNA tuaj yeem nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv kab kab, thiab qhov concentration ntawm cov kab tua kab. Cov xwm txheej no txhua tus cuam tshuam tus nqi ntawm kev siv ob-stranded RNA khoom.
Rau ntau lub tuam txhab, kev daws teeb meem ntawm RNA yooj yim tawg yog qhov nyuaj heev. Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj tsuag muaj ob-stranded RNA uas phim cov noob caj noob ces tuaj yeem tua cov noob tshwj xeeb ntawm qee cov kab tsuag thiab ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab tsuag, RNA hauv cov tshuaj tsuag tau yooj yim degraded thiab cov nyhuv tsis kav ntev thiab yuav tsum tau siv ntau zaus, yog li cov neeg ua liaj ua teb siv nyiaj ntau heev.
Txij li thaum qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm RNAi tshwm sim, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua tiav zoo heev hauv kev txhawb nqa kev siv cov thev naus laus zis no. Raws li cov lus ceeb toom, ib pab neeg tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Queensland hauv Australia tau tsim cov cuab yeej cuab tam uas tuaj yeem ncua sij hawm tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tsuag. Pab neeg ua ke RNA nrog av nplaum nanoparticles, uas pheej yig los tsim. Cov av nplaum ntub dej nanoparticles hnov mob nrog carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab maj mam tawg, maj mam tso RNA kom ntev nws cov hauj lwm zoo. Cov thev naus laus zis no ua rau cov nroj tsuag luam yeeb tiv taus cov kab mob me me ntawm cov kua txob mus txog 20 hnub, teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau pom dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, David Baulcombe, uas tau koom nrog kev tshawb fawb gene silencing thev naus laus zis ntawm University of Cambridge hauv UK, kuj tau hais tias kev sib xyaw ntawm RNA thiab av nplaum nanoparticles tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, tuam txhab uas muag nrog cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis tau tshwm sim hauv kev lag luam tawm tshiab no. Lawv tau txuas ntxiv rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntxiv los ntawm kev siv nyiaj txiag thiab kev koom tes. Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab niaj hnub kov yeej cov teeb meem uas tau ntsib hauv kev siv RNAi. Nrog rau kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis los txo cov nqi tsim khoom, thiab lwm yam, cov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev siv cov khoom zoo li no hauv kev tswj cov khoom siv roj ntsha. Cia peb kawm txog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov tuam txhab ua lag luam hauv kev lag luam los ntawm cov kev kub ntxhov hauv kev lag luam hauv xyoo tas los no.
RNAi kev cia siab
Xyoo 2019, Bayer tau xa cov khoom tshiab, BioDirect, rau US Environmental Protection Agency rau npe nrog ob-stranded RNA rau kev tswj hwm ntawm Varroa mites - cov kab tsuag uas ua rau muaj kev hem thawj loj tshaj plaws rau lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam beekeeping. Qhov no yog thawj zaug xa mus rau US Environmental Protection Agency rau RNA biopesticide active ingredient rau exogenous daim ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam.
Kev tshawb fawb tam sim no qhia tau hais tias nws muaj peev xwm siv tau cov khoom RNAi los ntawm kev txau cov nplooj, lub cev txhaj tshuaj thiab dej. Lwm txoj hauv kev siv, xws li cov noob txheej, xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv.
Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv hauv RNA npaj thev naus laus zis kuj tseem yuav txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm RNAi, uas tuaj yeem hloov cov tshuaj tua kab lossis siv ua ke nrog cov tshuaj tua kab kom txo tau kev ua liaj ua teb kev cia siab rau cov tshuaj tua kab hluavtaws.
Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb, cov gene sequences ntawm cov kab mob phem tau raug tshawb pom tas li, tib neeg muaj kev nkag siab ntau ntxiv txog cov txheej txheem ntawm RNAi, thiab cov nqi thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm RNAi ntau lawm tau txhim kho ntxiv. Xws li cov tshuaj biopesticides tshiab uas muaj qhov tshwj xeeb thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj kab tsuag.
Qiu Dewen, Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb ntawm Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb, ib zaug tau hais tias yav tom ntej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj biopesticides yuav suav nrog kev tshawb fawb kub thiab kev loj hlob xws li RNA cuam tshuam technology, av kho kev noj qab haus huv technology thiab cog kev tiv thaiv induction technology.
