Cov tshuaj herbicide glyphosate tau nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam rau ze li ntawm 50 xyoo nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th thiab tau loj hlob los ua cov tshuaj tua kab loj tshaj plaws hauv kev muag khoom hauv ntiaj teb thiab siv tshuaj tua kab ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Glyphosate hauv kev nkag siab dav yog lub npe dav dav rau ntau yam glyphosate ntsev, thiab glyphosate hauv qhov nqaim yog hais txog glyphosate acid.
Cia peb paub glyphosate!
Cov ntaub ntawv khoom
Glyphosate, uas nws lub npe tshuaj yog N-(phosphomethyl) glycine thiab nws cov tshuaj formula yog C3H8NO5P, yog ib tug organophosphate herbicide thiab ib tug systemic conductive broad-spectrum herbicide. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Monsanto Company ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thaum xyoo 1970s thiab tam sim no tau los ntawm Bayer Company ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees.
Khoom npe:Glyphosate
CAS Nr.:1071-83-6
Lub npe tshuaj:N-(phosphomethyl) glycine
Molecular Formula:C3H8 NPO 5 P
Molecular Luj:169.073
Melting Point:230 degree
Boiling point:465.8 degree
Ceev:1.74 g / cm33
Dej solubility:Me ntsis soluble
Solubility:1.2 g / 100 mL
Tus qauv qauv:
Thaum siv, nws feem ntau yog ua rau isopropylamine ntsev lossis sodium ntsev. Glyphosate ntsev yog yooj yim dua rau yaj hauv dej. Nws isopropylamine ntsev yog cov khoom xyaw nquag ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab nto moo "Roundup".
Kev thauj mus los
Tom qab glyphosate absorbed los ntawm cov nroj tsuag cuticle thiab stomata, nws tau hloov mus rau hauv dej-soluble ntsev nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag lub cev. Nws lub ntsiab hom kev thauj mus los yog thauj cov khoom photosynthetic los ntawm phloem mus rau qhov chaw loj hlob.
Los ntawm dissolving lub waxy txheej nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag nplooj, ceg thiab stems, cov tshuaj cov nyhuv sai sai nkag mus rau hauv cov nroj tsuag cov kab mob thiab yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw. Nws tuaj yeem tua tag nrho cov nroj tsuag nrog rau cov hauv paus hniav, yog li tiv thaiv kev tsim tawm los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, ua rau cov nroj tsuag kom qhuav thiab tuag, yog li ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov hauv paus hniav.
Mechanism ntawm kev ua
Glyphosate yog ib hom kab mob dav dav-spectrum biocidal herbicide uas feem ntau inhibits enolpyruvyl shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS) hauv cov nroj tsuag. Yog li inhibiting kev hloov ntawm shikimic acid rau hauv phenylalanine, tyrosine thiab tryptophan, cuam tshuam nrog protein synthesis thiab ua rau cov nroj tsuag tuag.
Nws muaj cov nyhuv inhibitory ntawm 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Qhov no enzyme catalyzes hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm shikimate-3-phosphate thiab enolpyruvyl phosphate rau 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP). Yog li, glyphosate cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzymatic ntawm qhov biosynthesis, ua rau cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm shikimic acid hauv lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, glyphosate tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lwm cov enzymes cog.
EPSP synthases los ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv muaj homology siab.
Glyphosate tsuas yog thaiv cov biosynthesis ntawm aromatic amino acids, cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag cell faib, chlorophyll synthesis, transpiration, ua pa, protein thiab lwm yam txheej txheem metabolic, thaum kawg ua rau cog chlorosis, yellowing, wilting thiab tuag.
Aromatic amino acids koom nrog hauv cov metabolism ntawm qee cov alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, lignin, indole derivatives, phenolic tshuaj, thiab lwm yam hauv cov nroj tsuag.
1. EPSPS cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj
PEP thawj zaug tsim ib txoj kev hloov pauv nrog cov enzyme, tom qab ntawd tsim ketal tetrahedron nrog S3P, thiab thaum kawg tsim EPSP.
2. Glyphosate inhibition mechanism
Glyphosate tsim cov ternary complex nrog EPSP synthase thiab EPSP, yog li thaiv cov nyhuv catalytic ntawm EPSP synthase.
Glyphosate sib tw los tiv thaiv qhov chaw khi ntawm lub substrate PEP ntawm EPSPS. inhibits qhov kev ua ntawm 5-enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate-synthase (EPSPS). Qhov no ua rau muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm shikimic acid. Kev sib sau ntawm shikimic acid yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhia txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm glyphosate ntawm cov qoob loo physiological mechanisms.
3. Shikimate txoj kev
Shikimic acid metabolic pathway yog ib txoj hauv kev siv los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov kab mob los ua kom muaj peb cov amino acids uas muaj ntxhiab: phenylalanine, tyrosine, thiab tryptophan. Qhov nruab nrab metabolite shikimic acid kuj tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov vitamins, adipic acid thiab lwm yam sib txuas.
4. Aromatic amino acids
Aromatic amino acids xa mus rau cov amino acids nrog benzene nplhaib qauv hauv lawv cov qauv molecular.
Cov khoom degradation
1. Cov tsiaj txhu
Glyphosate lub hom phiaj thiab thaiv cov nroj tsuag metabolic txoj kev tsis pom nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj - txoj kev shikimate. Glyphosate yog tawm sai sai los ntawm cov tsiaj tom qab noj qhov ncauj thiab tsis bioaccumulate.
2. Cov nroj tsuag ntsuab
Lub ntsiab metabolite hauv cov nroj tsuag yog aminomethylphosphonic acid. Av muaj zog adsorbs glyphosate thiab sai sai ua ke nrog hlau, txhuas thiab lwm yam hlau ions hauv av thiab poob nws cov haujlwm.
3. Av thiab dej
Lub ntsiab degradant hauv av thiab dej kuj yog aminomethylphosphonic acid.
Weeding khoom
Glyphosate yog absorbed los ntawm stems thiab nplooj thiab ces kis mus rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nws tuaj yeem tswj cov nroj tsuag los ntawm ntau tshaj 40 tsev neeg nrog rau monocotyledons thiab dicotyledons, txhua xyoo thiab perennials, tshuaj ntsuab thiab cov nroj tsuag. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag perennial thiab yog dav siv rau cov nroj tsuag hauv cov roj hmab, mulberry, tshuaj yej, orchards, qab zib teb, thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb, thiab cov nroj tsuag teb. Rau cov nroj tsuag txhua xyoo xws li barnyard foxtail, wheatgrass, goosegrass, crabgrass, cocklebur, pigweed, chickweed, pigweed, thiab lwm yam.
Glyphosate muaj cov nyhuv tua tsuas yog tom qab nws los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov ntaub so ntswg ntsuab, thiab nws txau tusyees thiab directionally ntawm stems thiab nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Khoom nta
Tom qab glyphosate nkag mus rau hauv av, nws sai sai ua ke nrog cov hlau ions xws li hlau thiab txhuas thiab poob nws cov haujlwm. Nws tsis muaj teebmeem rau cov noob thiab cov kab mob hauv av uas muab zais rau hauv av.
Cov nroj tsuag uas muaj lawv cov stems thiab nplooj txiav tawm yuav tsum tos kom txog thaum cov nroj tsuag rov tsim dua kom muaj nplooj tshiab txaus ua ntej siv tshuaj tua kab.
Cov lus qhia
Tam sim no ib txwm noj rau cov nroj tsuag yog 200g / chim (15l) txau rau ntawm ib daim av, uas yog 75 zaug ua kua tshuaj tsuag.
Tus nqi muag khoom ntawm 200g / lub raj mis ntawm 41% glyphosate isopropylamine ntsev dej (tus neeg ua haujlwm yaj) ntawm lub khw feem ntau yog 7-10 yuan, thiab tej zaum yuav siab dua lossis qis dua hauv qee thaj chaw.
Feem ntau, rau cov nroj tsuag broadleaf nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov germination los yog flowering theem, thiab nyom nyob rau hauv lig kev sib koom theem los yog thaum ntxov heading theem, tshuaj tsuag 20-30 kg dej ib evkawj.
Thaum tswj cov nroj tsuag perennial, faib cov tshuaj ua ob zaug thiab siv lawv li 5 hnub sib nrug los txhim kho kev tswj hwm.
Cov kev ceev faj
1. Cov dej huv huv yuav tsum tau siv thaum diluting tshuaj tua kab. Ntxiv av nkos los yog dej qias neeg yuav txo qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab.
2. Thov tsis txhob mow, graze lossis plowing hauv av li ntawm 3 mus rau 5 hnub tom qab thov.
3. Glyphosate yog acidic, yog li cov thawv yas yuav tsum tau siv thaum twg los tau thaum khaws cia thiab siv nws.
4. Thaum siv, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm surfactants xws li ntxuav cov hmoov thiab diesel los txhim kho cov nroj tsuag.
5. Ntxiv gibberellin tom qab glyphosate cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem ua rau cov nroj tsuag muaj zog. Piv nrog rau tib koob tshuaj glyphosate kho nrog ib koob tshuaj, cov qoob loo xim yuav daj ntau dua, lub wilting yuav hnyav dua, thiab lub sijhawm tuag yuav luv.
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