Tsis ntev los no, Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Lag Luam (ERS) ntawm Tebchaws Meskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb (USDA) tau tshaj tawm cov qauv tam sim no hauv kev siv cov noob qoob loo hloov pauv (GE) hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv tshiab tshaj plaws hauv 2023 suav nrog:
1. Ntau tshaj 90% ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas pob kws, paj rwb (thaj av) thiab taum pauv yog cov noob hloov pauv, thiab thaj chaw cog qoob loo ntawm cov noob qoob loo kuj tseem muaj cov noob qoob loo, paj rwb thiab taum pauv.
2. Thaj chaw cog qoob loo uas muaj tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov noob qoob loo yog 95%, thaj chaw cog qoob loo cog qoob loo yog 94%, thiab thaj chaw cog qoob loo cog qoob loo yog 91%.
3. Qhov chaw cog ntawm kab-resistant (Bt) pob kws tau mus txog 85%, thiab thaj chaw cog ntawm kab-resistant (Bt) paj rwb tau mus txog 89%.
4. Txog 86% ntawm thaj chaw cog paj paj thiab 82% ntawm thaj chaw cog pob kws siv cov noob qoob loo sib xyaw.
Paub meej raws li hauv qab no
Zuag qhia tag nrho: Kev lag luam cog qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo hloov pauv hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau pib xyoo 1996, thiab kev siv cov noob hloov noob tau nce sai hauv xyoo tom ntej. Feem ntau GM cov qoob loo raug cais raws li herbicide tolerant (HT), kab resistant (Bt) los yog composite traits (combination of Bt thiab HT). Txawm hais tias lwm yam kev hloov pauv caj ces (xws li kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov kab mob fungal, drought resistance, thiab muaj protein ntau, roj, lossis vitamin cov ntsiab lus) kuj tau tsim, HT thiab Bt zoo tshaj plaws nrog US cov neeg cog qoob loo. Tam sim no, ntau tshaj li 90% ntawm pob kws, paj rwb thiab soybeans nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States yog tsim los ntawm genetic hloov ntau yam. Thaum GM noob kuj tau siv dav hauv kev tsim cov alfalfa, canola thiab qab zib beets, feem ntau GM av tau cog rau peb lub ntsiab qoob loo ntawm pob kws, paj rwb thiab taum.
Herbicide Tolerant (HT) Cov qoob loo:
Cov qoob loo HT muaj kev zam rau cov tshuaj tua kab muaj zog xws li glyphosate, glufosinate thiab dicamba, muab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb nrog ntau yam kev xaiv rau kev tswj cov nroj tsuag zoo. Raws li USDA cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, feem pua ntawm cov qoob loo hauv tsev cog nrog HT cov noob tau nce los ntawm 17% hauv 1997 mus rau 68% hauv 2001, thiab tom qab ntawd ruaj khov ntawm 94% xyoo 2014. Hauv 2021, thaj chaw cog qoob loo HT yuav nce mus rau 95% thiab nyob twj ywm nyob rau theem no hauv 2023. HT paj rwb cheeb tsam tau nthuav dav li ntawm 10% xyoo 1997 mus rau 56% xyoo 2001, thiab tom qab ntawd mus txog qhov siab ntawm 95% xyoo 2019. Xyoo 2023, thaj chaw cog paj paj yuav yog 94%. Tom qab kev lag luam ntawm cov noob hloov pauv hauv Tebchaws Meskas, qhov kev saws me nyuam ntawm cov noob taum hloov pauv tau loj hlob qeeb. Tom qab xyoo 2000, qhov kev saws me nyuam tau nce sai, thiab hauv 2023, 91% ntawm cov pob kws hauv tebchaws Meskas tau cog nrog HT noob.
Kab-resistant (Bt) qoob loo:
Cov qoob loo Bt muaj cov noob los ntawm cov kab mob hauv av Bt thiab tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas tau siv rau hauv cov pob kws thiab paj rwb txij li xyoo 1996. Cov pob kws hauv tebchaws Bt hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau nce li ntawm 8% hauv 1997 txog 19% hauv 2000, thiab tom qab ntawd nce siab. mus txog 85% hauv 2023. Bt paj rwb thaj chaw cog qoob loo kuj tau nthuav dav, suav txog 37% ntawm US paj rwb cog thaj tsam ntawm 15% hauv xyoo 1997 txog 2001. Hauv 2023, 89% ntawm paj rwb cog hauv Tebchaws Meskas yuav siv cov kab hloov pauv hloov pauv. resistant noob. Kev txais yuav ntau ntxiv ntawm Bt pob kws tuaj yeem yog vim kev lag luam qhia txog ntau yam tshiab tiv thaiv pob kws rootworm thiab pob kws pob kws pob ntseg (ua ntej xyoo 2003, Bt pob kws tsuas yog resistant rau European pob kws borer). Bt pob kws saws cov nqi yuav hloov pauv raws sijhawm, nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm European pob kws borer thiab pob kws rootworm kab mob. Ib yam li ntawd, Bt paj rwb saws tus nqi yuav nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm kev haus luam yeeb kab ntsig, paj rwb bollworm thiab liab bollworm kab mob.
Composite zoo qoob loo:
Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog kev loj hlob ntawm kev saws me nyuam ntau yam zoo nrog ob qho tib si HT thiab Bt zoo, thiab tau nrawm rau kev txais yuav ntau yam zoo hauv xyoo tas los no. Hauv xyoo 2023, kwv yees li 86% ntawm thaj chaw cog paj paj thiab 82% ntawm thaj chaw cog pob kws yuav siv cov noob qoob loo ntau yam.
Tau qhov twg los: AgroPages
