"1-MCP" preservative tuaj yeem tswj tau ntau yam kev xav ntawm lub cev thiab biochemical ntawm cov kiwifruit tom qab sau qoob, suav nrog kev tso tawm ntawm ethylene thiab kev ua pa hnyav, thiab lwm yam, inhibit cov nyhuv ripening ntawm endogenous ethylene thiab exogenous ethylene ntawm kiwifruit, thiab ua rau qeeb qeeb. Kev laus txheej txheem ntawm kiwifruit, ncua lub sij hawm cia ntawm kiwifruit, tswj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hardness thiab as-ham, thiab tiv thaiv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm softening thiab rotting.
1. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab cov yam ntxwv khaws cia ntawm kiwifruit
Kiwifruit yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo climacteric nrog lub cev muaj zog tom qab ripening lub sij hawm thiab yog rhiab heev rau kub thiab ethylene. Yog tias nws tsis tau ua tiav hauv lub sijhawm tom qab sau qoob loo, ethylene hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav nce sai heev ntawm chav tsev kub, thiab kev ua pa yuav ua kom zoo dua. Tom qab ncav cuag lub ncov, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yuav txo qis, cov tawv nqaij yuav mos, thiab cov ntsiab lus qab zib yuav nce, uas yuav ua rau kev laus thiab rot.
Txog tam sim no, muaj ntau dua 100 hom thiab ntau yam ntawm Actinidia nroj tsuag, thiab cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws yog Suav Actinidia thiab Delicious Actinidia. Feem ntau hais lus, gourmet kiwi yog ruaj dua li suav kiwi. Rau tib hom, qhov ruaj khov ntawm ntau hom (hom) kuj txawv heev. Feem ntau, thaum ntxov-loj hlob ntau yam muaj kev ruaj ntseg tsis zoo, thaum "Hayward", "Qinmei", "Luoyang No. 1", "E-30", "Huaguang No. 5", "Tongshan No. Qhov ruaj khov ntawm ntau yam. xws li "Haohao" yog qhov zoo dua; qhov loj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kuj muaj qee yam kev sib raug zoo nrog kev ruaj khov. Feem ntau hais lus, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo me me thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj chaw loj, yog li cov dej ntws tawm muaj zog dua thiab qhov hnyav poob sai dua. . Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau kho nrog tus neeg sawv cev tshaj tawm muaj kev ruaj ntseg tsis zoo thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv rau nruab nrab lossis ntev cia.
2. Kev sau qoob loo thiab ceev faj
2.1 Lub sijhawm sau qoob loo:
Lub maturity ntawm sau muaj ib qho tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Yog tias cov qoob loo ntxov dhau lawm, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsis loj hlob, qhov zoo yuav tsis zoo, thiab nws yuav tsis kam cia; Yog hais tias cov qoob loo lig dhau lawm, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav loj tuaj. Qhov zoo thiab tsw yog zoo, tab sis cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ib qho yooj yim rau soften thiab tsis resistant rau cia. Txhawm rau ua kom lub sijhawm khaws cia zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo, Suav kiwifruit tau zoo dua thaum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo soluble cov ntsiab lus yog 6.2 feem pua rau 6.5 feem pua, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qab qab zoo dua thaum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo soluble cov ntsiab lus yog 6.5 feem pua rau 7 feem pua. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no tsis tsuas yog tiv taus kev cia, tab sis kuj muaj qhov tsw zoo tshaj plaws tom qab khaws cia.
2.2 Kev ceev faj:
Tus yuam sij rau kev sau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kiwi yog kom zam txhua yam kev puas tsuaj ntau li ntau tau. Feem ntau, phau ntawv sau tau txais yuav thiab nqa tawm hauv cov khoom raws li kev loj hlob. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum txiav lawv cov ntiv tes luv, thiab nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hnav hnab looj tes kom sau; Tsis txhob tso dej rau lub vaj hauv 5 hnub ua ntej sau qoob, thiab tsis txhob siv cov chiv nitrogen hauv 20 hnub. Kev sau qoob loo yuav tsum tau nqa tawm thaum sawv ntxov nyob rau hnub tshav ntuj lossis thaum sawv ntxov pos huab tau ploj mus. Nws tsis haum rau sau hauv 6 hnub tom ntej thiab thaum sawv ntxov thaum lub lwg tsis qhuav. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas, muab tso rau hauv, thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm nrog kev saib xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj qhov bruising thiab stacking. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau sau tseg yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo.
3. Kev npaj ua ntej warehouses
3.1 Ua ntej txias Kiwi txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau txias ua ntej cia txias, txwv tsis pub cov cuab yeej cia yuav raug cuam tshuam loj heev. Thaum sau qoob loo, kiwifruit feem ntau tswj hwm qhov siab "tso tshav kub", thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev xws li kev ua pa thiab cov metabolism hauv lub cev muaj zog, thiab nws yooj yim rau spontaneously ripen. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yog tias nws raug xa ncaj qha mus rau qhov txias txias yam tsis muaj qhov txias ua ntej, qhov kub ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm li 20 degree sab hauv thiab sab nraud yuav ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab kev raug mob ntau dhau ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab dej yuav condense ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. , nce lub caij nyoog ntawm pathogen ntxeem tau. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau txias ua ntej rau 5 degree sai li sai tau tom qab sau qoob loo, thiab lub sijhawm ncua ntawm chav tsev kub yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 8-12 teev.
3.2 Kev tswj cov khoom lag luam tshem tawm cov ntxhiab tsw tsw thiab khoom noj khoom haus hauv lub tsev rau khoom. Ntxuav hauv av nrog saturated poov tshuaj permanganate tov los yog tshuaj dawb, ces kaw lub qhov rooj warehouse rau 24 teev, los yog fumigate nrog 5-15 grams sulfur tov nrog qhuav sawdust ib cubic meter rau 48 teev, thiab ces tig lub tshuab mus rau. txias cia. Txo qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw txias kom tsis muaj menyuam rau 0 degree ob hnub ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua ntej txias rau hauv qhov chaw cia. Qhov kub cia yuav tsum ruaj khov ntawm li 2 degree. Tom qab tag nrho cov kev cia khoom tiav, kho qhov kub thiab txias hauv qhov chaw cia. Tsis tas li ntawd, sim ua kom tiav lub tsev rau khoom hauv ib lub lis piam los yog li ntawd, thiab ua kom nws tshiab rau lub sijhawm.
4. "1-MCP" preservation kev kho mob
Ethylene muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev khaws cia ntawm kiwi txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm 0 degree , txawm tias me me ntawm ethylene (30ppb) yuav pom tseeb tias qhov kev nce qib ntawm cov ripening decay, soften lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab shorten lub neej cia. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau kho nrog "1-MCP" preservative thiab khaws cia nyob rau hauv qis kub.
Tom qab qhov chaw cia puv lawm, cov tshuaj "{0}}MCP" yuav tsum tau siv rau fumigation nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm los inhibit qhov tso tawm ntawm ethylene thiab txo qhov ua pa siv. Rau kev khaws cia ntev, kev fumigation theem nrab tuaj yeem nqa tawm yog tias tsim nyog.
5. Kev tswj chaw cia:
5.1 Tsim nyog cia tej yam kev mob:
Kub: -0.5 degree -0.5 degree
Humidity: 90 feem pua -95 feem pua
Tswj huab cua: O2: 2% ~ 3% CO2: 4% ~ 5% C2H4<0.02 μl/L
Kev khaws cia ntawm kiwifruit yuav tsum muaj qhov kub thiab txias, thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab av noo tsis tshua muaj teeb meem rau kev khaws cia ntawm kiwifruit. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txheeb ze av noo rau tub yees yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm 90 feem pua rau 95 feem pua. Tsawg dua 90 feem pua ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog qhov ua rau poob dej thiab tawv nqaij tawv, thiab ntau dua 95 feem pua ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic tau yooj yim nkag mus. Qhov kub cia yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua -1.5 degree kom tsis txhob khov kev puas tsuaj thiab poob ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis.
Nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev khaws cia, qhov ntsuas kub hauv lub tsev khaws khoom tuaj yeem khaws cia li ntawm {{0}}} degree, thiab nyob rau theem tom qab, nws tuaj yeem tsim nyog qis dua nrog qhov txo qis ntawm sab nraud, thiab tuaj yeem ua tau. kho los ntawm 0.1 degree txhua lub lim tiam los yog li ntawd. Nyob rau theem pib, vim tias kiwifruit muaj dej ntau, cov av noo hauv lub tsev yuav tsum tau tswj kom zoo los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm pwm. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, lub tsev khaws khoom tau qhuav thiab tuaj yeem ua dej kom zoo.
5.2 Sterilization: Thaum lub sij hawm cia, nws yuav tsum tau sterilized tsis tu ncua, nyiam dua txhua ib nrab ib hlis, thiab cov nyhuv ntawm kev siv fungicides nyob rau hauv kev sib hloov yog zoo dua.
5.3 Qhov cua: Hloov huab cua txhua 25 hnub los yog li ntawd, thiab lub sij hawm cua tshuab yog tswj ntawm li ib nrab teev. Xaiv hnub tshav ntuj thaum qhov kub sab nraud qis.
5.4 Tawm ntawm lub tsev rau khoom thiab hauv khw: Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kiwi uas tau fumigated nrog "1-MCP" preservative muaj lub neej ntev ntev tom qab tawm ntawm lub tsev rau khoom, yog li qhov kub tuaj yeem maj mam nce ib lub lis piam ua ntej lub tawm ntawm lub tsev rau khoom raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb. 2-4 degree, nws tuaj yeem muag tau sai li sai tau tom qab sau npe.
6. Cov kab mob khaws cia thiab tiv thaiv thiab tswj lawv:
Stem rot yog kab mob tseem ceeb uas ua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rot thaum lub sij hawm kiwifruit cia.
Cov tsos mob: Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo cuam tshuam tshwm sim pom cov dej stains ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo pedicle thaum xub thawj, thiab tom qab ntawd cov kab mob kis mus rau qhov sib npaug, zoo li mos thiab elastic, thiab lwm qhov tsis txawv ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo noj qab haus huv. Thaum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo raug txiav, lub pedicle yuav rot ua ntej, thiab rot yuav kis mus rau hauv lub pulp, tab sis lub sab saum toj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav feem ntau nyob twj ywm. Lub rotten pulp yog dej-soaked, me ntsis pob tshab, tsw zoo li cawv, thiab me ntsis discolored. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, ib txheej ntawm grey-dawb pwm loj hlob tawm ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj kab mob, thiab cov pwm nyob rau sab nraud ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj kab mob feem ntau kis mus rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas nyob ib sab, ua rau rov kis kab mob.
Cov kab mob yog Botrytis cinerea thiab Penicillium, thiab cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob conidia overwinter ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj kab mob thiab kis tau los ntawm huab cua. Cov fungus ua ntej ua paj rot thiab nplooj rot, thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo kab mob feem ntau tshwm sim thaum xaiv txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab muab qhab nia ntim.
Txoj kev tiv thaiv:
(1) Ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj cov paj rot hauv thaj teb kom txo tau cov kab mob. Thiab txog 20 hnub ua ntej xaiv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tshuaj tsuag 65 feem pua mancozeb 600 zaug lossis prothine 1000 zaug.
(2) Ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv lub sijhawm tsis pub dhau 24 teev ntawm kev xaiv txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws tuaj yeem txau nrog 20 npaug ntawm cov tshuaj Jing-2B zaj duab xis, 20 npaug ntawm cov tshuaj Jing-2B zaj duab xis ntxiv rau 500mg / L carbendazim lossis thiophanate-methyl.
(3) Tsawg kub cia. Nyob rau hauv lub tub yees ntawm 1 degree, nws yuav siv li 4 lub lis piam rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj kab mob tshwm pedicle rot, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis muaj kab mob tom qab 40 hnub ntawm kev cia, txawm hais tias nws yuav kis tau tus kab mob, feem ntau tsis muaj kab mob.
